February 13, 2026

Top-Rated Lawn Care Provider in Philly: Professional Tips for Year-Round Lawn Maintenance

Philadelphia yards have actually an individuality formed by clay-heavy soils, humid summertimes, and winters months that swing from careless to extreme. If you've ever watched a patchy lawn cheer up after a well-timed aeration or seen cool-season turf collapse under July warmth, you recognize the city's quirks require both preparation and dexterity. The most effective grass treatment solutions in Philadelphia collaborate with those facts, not versus them. They time remodellings around soil temperatures, adjust mowing heights as summertime works out in, and deal with the messy happy medium where turf care fulfills urban landscaping.

This overview mixes sensible, season-by-season maintenance recommendations with insight on picking the ideal grass treatment company in Philly. I'll likewise detail what separates top-tier companies from the remainder, based on years of strolling buildings, repairing watering, and keeping in irrigation systems Philadelphia mind on what really thrives here.

What makes Philly grass unique

The region's leading grass types are cool-season grasses, normally tall fescue with some Kentucky bluegrass and perennial rye blended in. High fescue is the workhorse for city and suv buildings, many thanks to its warmth resistance, deep rooting, and improved dry spell resistance contrasted to bluegrass. Philly's mid-Atlantic climate indicates quick spring development, tension in peak summer season, a strong loss healing window, and an inactive or semi-dormant winter.

Soils usually lean clay loam, which compacts easily and holds water. That can be a true blessing during dry spells yet a migraine during stormy stretches, when origins asphyxiate. Numerous rowhome lawns rest over construction backfill with bad organic matter. Lawn has a hard time there without oygenation, garden compost topdressing, and careful watering.

We likewise emulate thick tree covers in communities like Chestnut Hillside and West Philly. Shield is the quiet grass awesome, and the most effective landscaping company in Philadelphia will inform you the truth: grass requires a minimum of 4 hours of filtered light to look good long-term. In deep color, groundcovers or mulch beds outshine turf, both aesthetically and financially.

How to select a grass care business in Philadelphia

A great grass treatment firm in Philadelphia does greater than cut and blow. They build a strategy around your microclimate, soil, and usage. Below is what I look for when reviewing providers:

Experience with cool-season lawn and clay soils. Ask exactly how they manage compaction, which oygenation tools they make use of, and whether they recommend slit seeding in fall.

Soil-first approach. Premier teams press soil testing every a couple of years, change pH with lime or sulfur as needed, and utilize slow-release nitrogen to decrease surge growth.

Transparent, seasonal programs. Philly grass take advantage of 6 to 8 service touchpoints per year. Clear timetables assist you prepare, specifically for seeding and pre-emergent windows.

Practical irrigation support. Most city residential or commercial properties rely on pipes and sprinklers. An experienced crew aids set realistic sprinkling schedules without overselling irrigation systems where they're not needed.

Pest and weed control with judgment. Crab grass, nutsedge, and wild violet prevail right here. Grubs turn up after damp springs. Search for carriers who prefer targeted treatment, not blanket spraying.

There's also the human element. The most effective companies connect very early regarding climate delays, leave notes after each browse through, and discuss trade-offs clearly. If your shade level or soil account makes a picture-perfect grass impractical, a reliable staff will certainly shift your strategy toward landscaping services Philadelphia homeowners make use of to match turf, like expanded beds or indigenous plant borders.

The seasonal rhythm that works in Philadelphia

A great lawn in this city is the product of good timing. The schedule issues, however soil and air temperatures matter a lot more. Below is exactly how I map the year.

Late wintertime right into very early springtime: wake-up and prevention

Once snow mold recedes and the dirt is solid sufficient to function, I start with a fast clean-up. Mow high to strip off winter's rough ends. Rake out matted areas gently, not strongly, to stay clear of uprooting tender crowns.

This is the home window for pre-emergent herbicides to stop crab grass. Aim for when soil temperature levels hit approximately 55 levels for several days. That usually lands anywhere from late March to mid April, depending on the year. If you intend to seed bare areas in springtime, skip pre-emergent because location or make use of a product labeled for brand-new seed.

On dirts that evaluated acidic, late winter season or early springtime is a smart time for lime. Many Philly yards sit between pH 5.5 and 6.3. Cool-season turfs like 6.2 to 7.0. Don't think. Lime without an examination and you can secure nutrients for many years. A leading lawn treatment business in Philadelphia will schedule dirt screening in advance and spread the correction over numerous applications as opposed to disposing a hefty dosage in one pass.

Mowing begins once more as growth resumes. Set the deck at 3 to 3.5 inches for fescue. This higher cut shades dirt, decreases dissipation, and prevents weeds. Hone the blade. Plain blades tear lawn, which elevates disease threat in our damp springs.

Late spring into very early summer season: take care of development, prepare for stress

This is the period of quick growth and unexpected tornados. Tall fescue reacts well to a light feeding with slow-release nitrogen, commonly 0.5 to 0.75 pounds of real nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. Press it tougher and you develop rich growth that battles residential landscaping Philadelphia when warmth gets here. I 'd rather philadelphia hardscaping leave space for a stronger loss feeding, when the plant can bank energy in roots.

Weed pressure climbs now. Dandelions are easy marks with discerning herbicides or a sharp weeder after rainfall. Ground ivy and wild violet are harder. Cautious, targeted treatments function best. Blanket spraying the entire lawn wastes item and can blister tender spring growth.

If grubs were a problem last year, speak to your service provider about precautionary therapies based upon surveillance, not habit. Not every lawn needs it, and useful pests suffer when you spray preventively without cause.

Irrigation, if you have it, should supplement rainfall, not change it. Early summer season can be feast or scarcity. Aim for an inch of water each week incorporated, readjusting for rainfall. Deep, occasional watering is the policy. Grass that gets an everyday dash trains roots towards the surface area and stress out faster in July.

High summertime: secure and conserve

Philadelphia summer seasons are humid, and heat snaps will certainly test your lawn. This is when you transform techniques. Elevate cutting height to 3.5 to 4 inches. Avoid a cut if the yard reduces under heat anxiety. Heading welcomes diseases like brown spot, which loves cozy evenings and damp foliage.

Fertilization should be minimal or none in July and August. Feeding throughout warm motivates top development at the precise minute roots are battling. If a lawn maintenance Philadelphia strategy suggests a hefty mid-summer feeding for cool-season lawn, ask why. In virtually every instance, it's better to wait.

Irrigate as the grass demands. The screwdriver test is straightforward and effective: press a screwdriver into the dirt. If it slides in conveniently to the handle, moisture suffices. If it only penetrates an inch, the soil is completely dry. Water early in the morning so leaves dry rapidly. If you choose to let the grass go inactive, water gently every two to three weeks, around a half inch, just to maintain crowns alive.

Watch for conditions. Brownish patch reveals as irregular tan patches with a dark margin. Summertime patch can be a lot more insidious, typically connected to compaction and stressed out origins. Cultural controls precede: develop blades, stay clear of late-day watering, and miss nitrogen. An experienced landscaper in Philly can encourage when fungicides are warranted for high-value grass, however many home yards recuperate with loss oygenation and overseeding.

Fall: Philadelphia's prime-time show for recovery and renovation

From Labor Day to Halloween is the wonderful area. Soil is warm, air is cooler, and weeds are much less hostile. If I could only pick one period to buy, it would certainly be fall.

Core aeration in September lowers compaction, boosts oxygen exchange, and opens channels for nutrients and water. On clay-heavy grass, pulling cores a minimum of yearly makes a significant difference over a few periods. I choose hollow-tine aerators and a double pass if the soil is heavily compacted.

Overseeding right after oygenation works well. Tall fescue mixes that include turf-type ranges create a dense, fine-bladed look with better condition resistance. Go for 3 to 5 extra pounds of seed per 1,000 square feet for overseeding, greater for full restoration. Topdressing with a quarter inch of screened compost helps hold seed, boosts microbial life, and smooths minor undulations.

Fertilization belongs right here. A well balanced loss program provides 0.75 to 1 extra pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in very early autumn and another light application 6 to 8 weeks later, adjusted based upon soil tests. This strategy drives origin development and carb storage space, which settle following spring.

Broadleaf weeds are remarkably prone in fall. Treatments for clover, plantain, and dandelion are more efficient currently because plants are pulling resources gradually right into their roots. If you choose a lighter chemical footprint, place treatment continues to be a clever compromise.

Leaf management issues. Damp leaves suffocate turf and welcome snow mold. Compost mowing, which chops leaves into great bits, works in many cases and returns organic matter to the dirt. When the quantity exceeds what the lawn mower can take care of, accumulate and compost or ask your landscaping services Philadelphia supplier to haul them. The goal is constantly the very same: avoid matting and keep light getting to the grass.

Winter: safeguard what you built

Once development stops, make a final cleanup pass. The last cut usually lands around 2.75 to 3 inches, somewhat less than your summertime height. This helps reduce snow mold threat, though we do not obtain the persistent snow cover seen in north regions. Prevent heavy foot traffic on frozen or saturated grass. If the ground thaws throughout a cozy spell, stand up to the temptation to rake or work the grass till the dirt firms again.

Winter is likewise a great time to review larger changes. Do you have areas that never prosper as a result of shade or drain? A wise landscaping Philadelphia redesign might replace those failings with shade-tolerant perennials, ornamental gravel, or broadened beds that decrease upkeep and water use. The most effective landscaper in Philadelphia will make with runoff regulations and regional plant schemes in mind, so your backyard looks all-natural in the neighborhood.

The service menu that in fact helps

When people search for lawn care services Philadelphia, they typically see bundle plans that look interchangeable. Under the hood, though, there are meaningful distinctions. Below is a functional way to consider solution options.

Mowing and edging. Helpful when development is quickly. The high quality of work shows in details: rotating mowing patterns to avoid ruts, cutting uniformly without scalping, and blowing trimmings out of beds instead of burying plants.

Fertilization and weed control. Look for providers who utilize slow-release resources for most of the nitrogen, time feedings to springtime and loss, and favor place sprays for weeds. Programs with 5 to seven gos to per year are common, but the content of those brows through matters more than the count.

Aeration and overseeding. This is the single most impactful annual service for compressed Philly yards. If a business attempts to avoid it, be hesitant. Slit seeding can complement or replace overseeding in extreme thinning due to the fact that it puts seed right into superficial soil furrows where moisture lingers.

Soil testing and modifications. The difference between presuming and screening turns up in your lawn within two seasons. pH adjustments, potassium changes, and raw material strategies are difficult to establish without data.

Topdressing and compost unification. Especially on freshly constructed homes, where topsoil is slim and subsoil is dense, an annual quarter inch of compost after oygenation constructs fertility and improves structure. It is not flashy, but it works.

Irrigation examinations or upgrades. If you have an automatic system, ask for head-to-head insurance coverage audits and matched precipitation nozzles. If you rely upon tubes, have your company mark a basic watering strategy that fits your schedule.

Pest and condition surveillance. As opposed to set up chemical applications, the most effective firms check, record, and treat when limits are gotten to. Japanese beetle grubs, chinch pests, and fungal conditions call for different timing. Spraying on a schedule wastes money and welcomes resistance.

Watering in the city: practical, not perfect

Many Philly homes do not have in-ground watering. That is great. I have managed plenty of fine-looking lawns with a number of oscillating sprinklers and a low-cost timer. The trick is discipline.

Set lawn sprinklers so they overlap somewhat, supplying about one inch per week spread over 2 deep soakings. Make use of a tuna can or a rainfall scale to determine. Relocate sprinklers systematically to avoid dry touches. If a warm front hits, rise period, not frequency. Morning watering stops leaf moisture overnight, which tree services philadelphia gas fungus.

Side backyards and little courtyards can be stubborn. Wind passages between rowhomes make circulation irregular, and fencings obstruct spray. In those spots, soaker pipes under a light compost can outshine overhead watering.

Mowing height, blades, and clippings: little choices, big payoffs

I harp on trimming since it is one of the most frequent touch a lawn obtains, and little errors compound. Establish your mower high, hold that line in summer season, and avoid getting rid of greater than one third of the blade each time. If a rainy week transforms your grass into a forest, use a dual pass at higher deck settings as opposed to compeling a single radical cut.

Sharpen blades at least twice a season. If you see white torn pointers on the grass a day after trimming, your blade is boring. Torn pointers lose water swiftly, welcome condition, and make the yard appearance gray.

Leave clippings unless they mat. They return nitrogen and raw material. On hefty development weeks, bagging is better than smothering the turf. If a lawn treatment company leaves windrows or clumps, ask to slow down or take a second pass.

The shade and tree root problem

Philadelphia's mature neighborhoods have lots of maples, oaks, and sycamores. Trees and lawn complete fiercely for water and nutrients. If you have actually exposed roots at the surface area, stacking dirt ahead is high-risk. Origins need oxygen. Rather, create a mulched ring out to the drip line where useful, and approve a decreased turf footprint.

In spotted shade, fine fescues can make a place in the seed mix, however they do not love foot web traffic. Take into consideration stepping rock courses or expanded beds via high-traffic color areas. An excellent lawn maintenance Philadelphia strategy equilibriums visual appeals with fact, saving you from reseeding the same area year after year.

Organic, low-input, and hybrid programs

Plenty of home owners want to minimize artificial inputs. That is attainable, specifically if you invest in soil wellness, trimming self-control, and overseeding. Organic plant foods build microbial life and release nutrients slowly. Compost topdressing, fallen leave mulching, and clover combination all add to a durable lawn.

Be sincere concerning trade-offs. Weed stress will be higher in year one and two, particularly against seasonal weeds like violet. A lot of my clients succeed with hybrid programs: natural fertility, cultural techniques like oygenation and garden compost, and targeted herbicides only where needed. A grass care company in Philly that comprehends this balance can tailor a path that respects your preferences while maintaining the grass presentable.

Pricing expectations and value checks

Costs vary by residential or commercial property dimension, accessibility, and service scope, however you can orient yourself with harsh arrays throughout the city and close residential areas. Trimming on small rowhome lawns could run in the small weekly rate variety during peak period, while quarter to half-acre suburban whole lots can set you back a number of times that. Oygenation and overseeding frequently falls into a mid-three-to-high-three-figure variety depending on dimension and seed option. Complete renovation, which entails non-selective kill, several seed passes, and topdressing, can push more than a thousand for larger properties.

Value reveals itself in end results and communication. If a crew turns up reliably, leaves clean edges, proactively flags issues, and strikes the crucial fall home window promptly, they are gaining their maintain. If they miss oygenation, prevent dirt tests, or press mid-summer nitrogen for cool-season turf, press for descriptions or take into consideration other options.

When to call a landscaper as opposed to pushing yard fixes

Sometimes, the smartest action is to change the canvas. If your front backyard gets much less than 3 hours of light, grass will always have a hard time. If runoff rips channels with your side lawn after tornados, lawn is not the solution. Landscaping Philadelphia projects that add swales, absorptive courses, and indigenous growings can fix the underlying issues and lower maintenance long term.

A capable landscaper in Philadelphia thinks like an engineer and a garden enthusiast. They must review slope, dirt seepage, and plant selection along with aesthetic charm. Deal with teams that appreciate your home's architectural design and the neighborhood's character, not simply the Pinterest vision.

A simple, seasonal checklist you can show your provider

  • Early spring: dirt test if overdue, hone lawn mower blades, apply pre-emergent when soil strikes mid 50s, light slow-release feeding, cut at 3 to 3.5 inches.
  • Late springtime: spot-treat weeds, screen for grubs if there is a history, verify irrigation insurance coverage, maintain trimming elevation steady.
  • Summer: elevate trimming to 3.5 to 4 inches, water deeply in early mornings as required, prevent heavy nitrogen, manage condition stress with social practices.
  • Early loss: core aerate, overseed with turf-type high fescue mix, topdress with compost, use a well balanced autumn fertilizer.
  • Late autumn: second light plant food if suitable, mulch or get rid of leaves prior to they mat, last mow around 2.75 to 3 inches.

How premier suppliers gain their reputation

I have actually watched firms earn luxury reputations the slow way, over years of consistent field job. They do the unglamorous points well. They stop briefly after an electrical storm to reschedule a cut instead of rut your soil. They change from blanket weed control to find spray the first time you ask, after that describe the reasonable timeline for enhancement. They motivate fall oygenation even if it is the busiest week of their year, because they recognize that is when it counts.

When you evaluate lawn care services Philadelphia residents suggest, look past social evidence to process. Ask just how they educate staff members, what they do when a task fails, and just how they take care of side cases fresh sod in a heat wave. Excellent responses specify. If the salesman can not describe the seed blend they make use of, the nitrogen source in their plant food, or the target soil pH, maintain interviewing.

A few edge cases worth calling out

New construction lawns commonly sit on compressed subsoil with a thin veneer of topsoil. Expect a a couple of year turnaround if you devote to oygenation, garden compost topdressing, and careful watering. Quick fixes hardly ever hold.

Pet damages focuses in wintertime and early springtime. Flush those areas with water to dilute salts, then topdress with a light layer of compost and seed when dirt warms. High fescue recovers better than bluegrass under repeat traffic.

Sidewalk strips warm up and dry out faster than the grass proper. Think about drought-tolerant blends, a little drip line under compost, or exchanging grass for a difficult perennial border. It is better to have a strip that looks intentionally planted than a churned-up jumble of weeds and dust.

Slope areas can gain from slit seeding incorporated with erosion control blankets for a season. As soon as developed, deeper-rooted tall fescue surpasses rye in holding soil.

Bringing it all together

A Philadelphia grass thrives when you sync with the city's periods and soils. Springtime sets the table, summertime tests your patience, and fall incentives the job. The ideal lawn treatment company in Philadelphia intensifies your efforts with precise timing, straightforward advice, and sharp execution. They recognize when to seed and when to wait, when to feed and when to keep back, when to fight weeds and when to reassess the planting.

Whether you maintain the job in-house or companion with a professional group, the principles stay the very same. Construct healthy and balanced dirt. Mow high with sharp blades. Water deeply but not constantly. Freshen and seed in autumn. Choose plants that match the site rather than forcing the website to match the plant. Keeping that technique, your lawn becomes more than an eco-friendly surface. It turns into a resilient landscape that looks good in April, makes it through July, and rebounds with vitality in October. Which, in Philadelphia's climate, is the mark of work well done.

EAS Landscaping Address: 1234 N 25th St, Philadelphia, PA 19121
Phone: +1 267-670-0173
Website: https://easlandscaping.com/

EAS Landscaping

EAS Landscaping

EAS Landscaping is a Philadelphia-based landscape design and construction company specializing in artistic, sustainable outdoor spaces, including landscaping, hardscaping, garden design, and custom landscape architecture for residential projects.

View us on Google Maps
1234 N 25th St
Philadelphia, PA
19121
US

Business Hours

  • Monday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Tuesday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Wednesday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Thursday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Friday: 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM
  • Saturday: 9:00 AM – 1:00 PM
  • Sunday: Closed

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EAS Landscaping is a landscaping company

EAS Landscaping is based in Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States

EAS Landscaping address is 1234 N 25th St Philadelphia PA 19121 United States

EAS Landscaping phone number is +1 267 670 0173

EAS Landscaping website is https://easlandscaping.com/

EAS Landscaping operates on Tuesday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping operates on Wednesday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping operates on Thursday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping operates on Friday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping operates on Saturday from 9 AM to 1 PM

EAS Landscaping is closed on Sunday

EAS Landscaping operates on Monday from 8:30 AM to 6 PM

EAS Landscaping is connected with Brooks Brothers Construction

Brooks Brothers Construction provides hardscaping services for EAS Landscaping

Horace Captain leads hardscaping projects for Brooks Brothers Construction

Horace Captain has over 30 years of hardscaping experience

EAS Landscaping provides landscaping services

EAS Landscaping provides hardscaping services

EAS Landscaping provides landscape design services

EAS Landscaping provides landscape construction services

EAS Landscaping provides native plant installation and guidance

EAS Landscaping provides garden design services

EAS Landscaping provides residential landscape architecture services

EAS Landscaping provides fencing services

EAS Landscaping does not provide lawncare services

EAS Landscaping installs sod only as part of a larger design project

EAS Landscaping specializes in artscape landscape projects

EAS Landscaping collaborates with clients to create sustainable landscape designs

EAS Landscaping team has expertise in horticulture

EAS Landscaping team has expertise in landscape construction

EAS Landscaping team has expertise in project management

EAS Landscaping team has expertise in material logistics

EAS Landscaping won Philadelphia Sustainable Landscape Award

EAS Landscaping was awarded Best Urban Garden Design Philadelphia

EAS Landscaping received Recognition for Artistic Landscape Excellence

EAS Landscaping Google Maps link is https://maps.app.goo.gl/S64Ns9YXGW3pb42m8

EAS Landscaping has a YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPgmI0GioirEfnZG7hl4t7Q

EAS Landscaping has an Instagram profile https://www.instagram.com/easlandscaping/

EAS Landscaping uses social media for brand promotion

EAS Landscaping uses social media to showcase landscaping projects


Frequently Asked Questions About Lawn Care in Philadelphia


How much does lawn service cost in Philadelphia?

Lawn service in Philadelphia typically costs between $40 and $80 per visit for standard mowing. Pricing varies based on lot size, grass height, terrain, and service frequency. Additional services such as edging, trimming, or seasonal cleanup increase the total cost.

How much does lawn care cost in PA?

In Pennsylvania, routine lawn care generally ranges from $35 to $90 per visit. Monthly costs average $120 to $250 depending on services included. Fertilization, weed control, and aeration are usually priced separately.

What services are offered by Lawnstarter lawn care service in Philadelphia?

The platform typically offers lawn mowing, edging, trimming, and debris cleanup. Optional services commonly include fertilization, weed control, aeration, overseeding, and leaf removal. Availability can vary based on provider coverage and season.

What is the best grass to grow in Philadelphia?

Cool-season grasses perform best due to Philadelphia’s climate. Tall fescue is widely used for its heat tolerance and durability. Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass are also common, often blended for resilience.

What is the average pay for a lawn care worker in PA?

The average lawn care worker in Pennsylvania earns approximately $15 to $20 per hour. Entry-level roles are typically lower, while experienced operators earn more. Pay varies by season, employer, and skill level.

What is the best lawn care for beginners?

Basic lawn care for beginners includes regular mowing, proper watering, and seasonal fertilization. Maintaining correct mowing height and sharp blades prevents stress and disease. Weed control and soil testing can be added gradually.

Do you need a license for lawn care in PA?

General lawn mowing and maintenance do not require a state license in Pennsylvania. However, applying pesticides or herbicides commercially requires certification from the state. Local business registration may also be required.

What is the best time of year for lawn care?

Spring and fall are the most important seasons for lawn care. Fall is ideal for aeration, overseeding, and fertilization. Spring focuses on cleanup, early fertilization, and weed prevention.

What is the most expensive part of landscaping?

Hardscaping is typically the most expensive part of landscaping. This includes patios, retaining walls, drainage systems, and stonework. Costs are driven by materials, excavation, and labor intensity.

Is $20 an hour good in PA?

An hourly rate of $20 is above the statewide median for many labor roles. It is generally considered competitive for skilled or physically demanding work. Cost of living differences can affect how far this wage goes.

How many lawns can a 2 man crew mow in a day?

A two-person crew can typically mow 12 to 20 average-size lawns per day. Productivity depends on lawn size, travel distance, equipment efficiency, and service scope. Smaller, clustered properties increase output.

What is the difference between a landscaper and a groundskeeper?

A landscaper focuses on design, installation, and improvement of outdoor spaces. A groundskeeper maintains existing landscapes through mowing, pruning, and general upkeep. The roles differ mainly in scope and long-term responsibility.


Looking for lawn care in Philadelphia near Barnes Foundation ? Professional lawn care services help maintain healthy grass, control weeds, and keep outdoor spaces consistently maintained throughout the season.

I am a enthusiastic professional with a rich background in consulting. My drive for game-changing solutions drives my desire to scale thriving ventures. In my professional career, I have established a identity as being a pragmatic leader. Aside from scaling my own businesses, I also enjoy coaching entrepreneurial risk-takers. I believe in motivating the next generation of problem-solvers to actualize their own desires. I am often venturing into groundbreaking possibilities and uniting with like-hearted risk-takers. Upending expectations is my inspiration. In addition to dedicated to my startup, I enjoy visiting dynamic destinations. I am also focused on outdoor activities.